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forced labour

‘Forced or compulsory labour shall mean all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily’ (Art. 2(1)). Though forced labour is often called the ‘new slavery’, the concept of ownership differentiates forced labour from slavery in the traditional sense. Whereas traditional slavery presupposes the ownership of a slave by a master, forced labour solely postulates the exercise of coercion and the denial of freedom. Thus slavery is a form of forced labour, but not the only one. There are many types of forced labour.

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Human trafficking

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