Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to convey information to the deception target. There are three categories of deception means: a. Physical means. Activities and resources used to convey or deny selected information to a foreign power. B. Technical means. Military material resources and their associated operating techniques used to convey or deny selected information to a foreign power. C. Administrative means. Resources, methods, and techniques to convey or deny oral, pictorial, documentary, or other physical evidence to a foreign power.