Bioethics is a broad term that encompasses the environmental, ethical, legal, and social implications of agriculture, life sciences, and medicine. The rapidity of progress in genetics and genome mapping, spurred by the Human Genome Project, is reforming the whole process of science and providing new tools for use in technology, but also raising many questions for society. Bioethical issues arising from recent applications of science include genetic engineering of microorganisms, plants, and animals; in vitro fertilization; cloning; xenotransplantation; gene therapy; and genetic testing.