- Industry: Library & information science
- Number of terms: 152252
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest medical library. The Library collects materials and provides information and research services in all areas of biomedicine and health care.
1) Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.
2) The treatment of chromosomes to reveal characteristic patterns of horizontal bands. The banding patterns lend each chromosome a distinctive appearance so the 22 pairs of human nonsex chromosomes and the X and Y chromosomes can be identified and distinguished without ambiguity. Banding also permits the recognition of chromosome deletions (lost segments), chromosome duplications (surplus segments) and other types of structural rearrangements of chromosomes.
Industry:Medical
1) Any nonprotein substance required by a protein for biological activity, such as prosthetic groups of coenzymes, which are not consumed in the process and are found unchanged at the end of the reaction.
2) A substance that acts with another substance to bring about certain effects.
3) Something (as a diet or virus) that acts with or aids another factor in causing disease.
Industry:Medical
The portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, and other complex motor functions.
Industry:Medical
An examination of the inside of the colon using a thin, lighted tube, called a colonoscope, inserted into the rectum. Samples of tissues may be collected for examination under a microscope.
Industry:Medical
Esame all'interno del colon mediante un sottile tubo munito di luce, chiamato colonscopio, inserito nel retto. Campioni di tessuto possono essere raccolti per essere esaminati al microscopio.
Industry:Medical
1) The principle protein of connective tissue; unusual absence of sulfur aminoacids; unique presence of hydroxyproline is believed to permit a triple helical fibrous structure.
2) A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth.
Industry:Medical
1) The material of chromosomes. It is a complex of DNA; histones; and nonhistone proteins (chromosomal proteins, non-histone) found within the nucleus of a cell.
2) The genetic material of the nucleus, consisting of deoxyribonucleoprotein, which occurs in two forms during the phase between mitotic divisions: a) as heterochromatin, seen as condensed, readily stainable clumps; b) as euchromatin, dispersed lightly staining or nonstaining material. During mitotic division the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
3) Chromatin is a substance within a chromosome consisting of DNA and protein. The DNA carries the cell's genetic instructions. The major proteins in chromatin are histones, which help package the DNA in a compact form that fits in the cell nucleus. Changes in chromatin structure are associated with DNA replication and gene expression.
Industry:Medical
1) The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.
2) The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis -- called also kinetochore.
3) A centromere is a constricted region of a chromosome that separates it into a short arm (p) and a long arm (q). During cell division, the chromosomes first replicate so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. Following DNA replication, the chromosome consists of two identical structures called sister chromatids, which are joined at the centromere.
Industry:Medical
1) Inflammation of the colon section of the large intestine, usually with symptoms such as diarrhea (often with blood and mucus), abdominal pain, and fever.
2) Inflammation of the colon.
Industry:Medical
A group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of gap junctions. The connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. The variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions.
Industry:Medical
